Guide

Si tratta di un documento in formato pdf in cui la ISO/IECJTC1/SC22 che si occupa di stabilire gli standard dei linguaggi di programmazione ha specificato le nuove caratteristiche del FORTRAN 2003.

Come si sa il fortran negli utlimi anni è stato oggetto di significative revisioni che lo hanno profondamente modificato. Tutto questo per uniformarlo alle nuove esigenze della programmazione (ad esempio la programmazione ad oggetti) già peraltro prevista da altri linguaggi, senza però perdere le caratteristiche che hanno fatto del fortran il linguaggio più utilizzato al mondo.

Riporto di seguito le carattersitiche nuove del fortran 2003:

Derived-type enhancements: parameterized derived types (allows the kind, length, or shape of a derived type’s components to be chosen when the derived type is used), mixed component accessibility (allows di_erent components to have di_erent accessibility), public entities of private type, improved structure constructors, and finalizers.

Object oriented programming support: enhanced data abstraction (allows one type to extend the definition of another type), polymorphism (allows the type of a variable to vary at runtime), dynamic type allocation, SELECT TYPE construct (allows a choice of executionflow depending upon the type a polymorphic object currently has), and type-bound procedures.

The ASSOCIATE construct (allows a complex expression or object to be denoted by a simple symbol).

Data manipulation enhancements: allocatable components, deferred type parameters, VOLATILE attribute, explicit type specification in array constructors, INTENT specification of pointer arguments, specified lower bounds of pointer assignment and pointer rank remapping, extended initialization expressions, MAX and MIN intrinsics for character type, and enhanced complex constants.

Input/output enhancements: asynchronous transfer operations (allows a program to continue to process data while an input/output transfer occurs), stream access (allows access toa file without reference to any record structure), user specified transfer operations for derived types, user specified control of rounding during format conversions, the FLUSH statement, named constants for preconnected units, regularization of input/output keywords, and access to input/output error messages.

Procedure pointers.

Scoping enhancements: the ability to rename defined operators (supports greater data abstraction) and control of host association into interface bodies.

Support for IEC 60559 (IEEE 754) exceptions and arithmetic (to the extent a processor’s arithmetic supports the IEC standard).

Interoperability with the C programming language (allows portable access to many libraries and the low-level facilities provided by C and allows the portable use of Fortran libraries by programs written in C).

Support for international usage: (ISO 10646) and choice of decimal or comma in numeric formatted input/output.

Enhanced integration with the host operating system: access to command line arguments, environment variables, and the processor’s error messages.

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Le specifiche del FORTRAN 2003