Guide

SOMMARIO

Contents
What Is Fortran?
Early Development
Standardization

Strengths and Weaknesses
Precautions
Basic Fortran Concepts

Statements
Expressions and Assignments
Integer and Real Data Types

DO Loops
Formatted Output
Functions
IF-blocks
Arrays

Fortran in Practice
The Fortran System
Creating the Source Code

Compiling
Linking
Program Development
Program Structure and
Layout
The Fortran Character Set
Statements and Lines
Program Units

Statement Types and Order
Symbolic Names
PROGRAM Statement
END
Statement
Constants, Variables, and Arrays
Data Types
Constants

Specifying Data Type
Named Constants
Variables
Arrays

Arithmetic
Arithmetic Expressions
Arithmetic Intrinsic Functions

Arithmetic Assignment Statements
Character Handling and Logic

Character Facilities
Character Substrings
Character Expressions

Character Assignment Statements
Character Intrinsic Functions

Relational Expressions
Logical Expressions
Logical Assignment
Statements
Control Statements
Control Structures
IF-Blocks

DO-Loops
Logical-IF Statement
Unconditional GO TO Statement

Computed GO TO Statement
STOP Statement
Procedures
Intrinsic
Functions
Statement Functions
External Procedures
Arguments of
External Procedures
Variables as Dummy Arguments
Arrays as Arguments

Procedures as Arguments
Subroutine and Call Statements
RETURN
Statement
FUNCTION Statement
SAVE Statement
EXTERNAL and INTRINSIC
Statements
Input/Output Facilities
Files, I/O Units, and Records

External Files
Internal Files
Pre-Connected Files
Error and
End-Of-File Conditions
Format Specifications
Format Edit Descriptors

Format Data Descriptors A, E, F, G, I, L
Format Control Descriptors

List-Directed Formatting
Carriage-Control and Printing
Input/Output
Statements and Keywords
OPEN Statement
CLOSE Statement
INQUIRE
Statement
READ and WRITE Statements
REWIND and BACKSPACE Statements

DATA Statement
Defined and Undefined Values
Initialising Variables

Initialising Arrays
DATA Statements in Procedures
General Rules

Common Blocks
Using Common Blocks
Blank Common Blocks
COMMON
Statement
BLOCK DATA Program Units
Obsolete and Deprecated Features

Storage of Character Strings in Non-character Items
Arithmetic IF
Statement
ASSIGN and assigned GO TO Statements
PAUSE Statement

Alternate RETURN
ENTRY Statement
EQUIVALENCE Statement
Specific
Names of Intrinsic Functions
PRINT Statement and simplified READ
END
FILE Statement
Obsolete Format Descriptors
Appendix A - List of
Intrinsic Functions
Appendix B - Specific Names of Generic Functions

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